Reviewed by James Ives, MPsychDec 12 2018
Johnson & Johnson, the world’s largest health care products
maker, is in the midst of more than 10,000 lawsuits claiming that its
iconic baby powder is linked to cancer. In July, a verdict by a Missouri
jury awarded 22 women $4.6 billion in a lawsuit against the company,
supporting their claim that talcum powder caused their ovarian cancer.
The case is under appeal.
At issue in that litigation, as in many other cases, is whether the
talc-based powder contains asbestos, a known carcinogen, and if the
company was aware of the alleged cancer risk for decades and sought to
suppress evidence rather than warn consumers.
Now, a powerful resource at Columbia University has opened areas of
inquiry about the corporate and regulatory histories of these companies.
ToxicDocs is a database of some 20 million once-secret industry and
trade association documents concerning the health hazards of toxic
chemicals, such as asbestos, lead and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs.)
« This material provides a peek into the government agencies
responsible for regulating toxic chemicals and the inner workings of
major firms that manufactured and sold toxic substances and the products
containing them, » said David Rosner, the Ronald H. Lauterstein
Professor of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia Mailman School of Public
Health and a professor in the Department of History. « It is the right of
the public to know which industries knowingly profited from public
health hazards. »
ToxicDocs, which launched earlier this year, is free and open to all. Its collection consists of discovery documents from myriad lawsuits that were made public once they were introduced in court but were extremely hard for the general public to access. The data includes internal memos, unpublished scientific studies, planning reports for public relations campaigns, meeting minutes and presentations–some dating back to the 1920s–related to the introduction of new products and chemicals into workplaces and commerce. The companies represented in the database range from a small brake manufacturer to multinational giants like J&J and Monsanto
The three-person ToxicDocs team consists of Rosner; Gerald Markowitz,
Distinguished Professor of History at John Jay College and the Graduate
Center, City University of New York; and Merlin Chowkwanyun, the Donald
H. Gemson Assistant Professor of Sociomedical Sciences at Mailman, who
spearheaded the effort to index and digitize the materials. Rosner and
Markowitz, who began collaborating in the 1980s, have written books
about occupational and environmental disease and testified as expert
witnesses in dozens of cases on behalf of plaintiffs exposed to
industrial toxins. They have spent decades accumulating boxes and boxes
of company records.
« We had access to millions of documents uncovered in litigation over
toxic chemicals, but they were impossible to sift through, » said Rosner,
who co-directs the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health
at Mailman, which maintains ToxicDocs with Columbia’s history department
and CUNY.
